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A suicide attack is a violent attack in which the attacker intends to kill other people and/or destroy property and expects to (or is certain to) die in the process. Suicide attacks have occurred throughout history, often as part of a military campaign such as the Japanese ''Kamikaze'' pilots of World War II, and more recently as part of terrorist campaigns, such as September 11 attacks. While there were few if any successful suicide attacks anywhere in the world from the end of World War II until 1980, between 1981 and June 2015, a total of 4,620 suicide attacks occurred in over 40 countries, killing over 45,000 people.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://cpostdata.uchicago.edu/search_new.php?clear=1 )〕 During this time the global rate of such attacks grew from an average of three a year in the 1980s, to about one a month in the 1990s, to almost one a week from 2001 to 2003, to approximately one a day from 2003 to 2015.〔 Suicide attacks tend to be more deadly and destructive than other terror attacks because they give their perpetrators the ability to conceal weapons, make last-minute adjustments, and because they dispense with the need for remote or delayed detonation, escape plans or rescue teams.〔 They constituted only 4% of all terrorist attacks around the world over one period (between 1981 and 2006), but caused 32% of all terrorism-related deaths (14,599). Ninety per cent of those attacks occurred in Iraq, Israel, the Palestinian territories, Afghanistan, Pakistan or Sri Lanka. (Over all, as of mid-2015 about 3/4 of all attacks occurred in just three countries—Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan.〔(Click "Search Database", then under "filter by", click "location". Afghanistan (1059) Iraq (1938) and Pakistan (490) have a total 3487 attacks out of a total of 4620 worldwide.)(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://cpostdata.uchicago.edu/search_new.php?clear=1 )〕) Its primary use is as a weapon of psychological warfare intended to affect a larger public audience. The motivation of suicide attackers varies. Kamikaze acted under military orders. Analyst Robert Pape states that 90% of attacks in Iraq prior to the Civil War (starting in 2003) were aimed at forcing out occupying forces.〔Pape's tabulation of suicide attacks runs from 1980 to early 2004 in ''Dying to Win'' and to 2009 in ''Cutting the Fuse''.〕 Anthropologist Scott Atran states that since 2004 the overwhelming majority of bombers have been motivated by the ideology of Islamist martyrdom.〔(Scott Atran| The Moral Logic and Growth of Suicide Terrorism ) (pp. 131, 133); sitemaker.umich.edu; accessed July 11, 2015.〕 ==Definitions== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Suicide attack」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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